SplinterCon
Sovereignty: autonomy or isolation?
Post Conference report
2025 Paris
SplinterCon is an interdisciplinary conference focused on internet fragmentation and its consequences for contemporary societies and online liberties. Since the inaugural event in Montreal in December 2023, SplinterCon has convened in Brussels, Estoril, Berlin, Taipei, and now Paris, assembling network researchers, technology entrepreneurs, engineers, software developers, user experience designers, media professionals, and internet freedom advocates to confront the accelerating challenge of the splinternet.
This Paris edition, held in cooperation with the Center for Internet and Society (CIS-CNRS), the GEODE Center, and the European Research Council, examined digital sovereignty as both a political instrument and an emerging market, tracing how states, private companies, and technical infrastructures interact to produce network fragmentation at scale.
The following report presents the research, analysis, and perspectives shared across two days of sessions, structured around a central inquiry: what sovereignty means when applied to networks, who builds its infrastructure, how we measure its effects, and what federated alternatives might look like.
Contributors
Contents
Introduction
A continuum of sovereignties
Chapter 2
Weaponization of routing in the struggle for sovereignty
By Louis Petiniaud and Frédérick Douzet
Section 1
Sovereignty as a market: private companies building digital authoritarianism
Chapter 2
Breaking isolation, limiting autonomy? U.S. technology companies and the war in Ukraine
By Julien Nocetti
Chapter 3
The Red Web on export: Kremlin’s internet sovereignty in Russia and abroad
By Andrei Soldatov
Section 2
Measuring sovereignty: approaches and challenges
Chapter 2
Measuring sovereignty from the outside: the Digital Sovereignty Index
Ksenia Ermoshina in conversation with Jos Poortvliet
Chapter 3
Splinternet as a “lived experience”: a user’s sovereignty inside authoritarian networks
By Ksenia Ermoshina








